| Property | Specification |
| Shape | Oval, round, or dent-like (varies by variety) |
| Color | Yellow, white, red, purple, or multi-colored |
| Size | 5–15 mm in length, 4–10 mm in width |
| Surface Texture | Smooth and glossy |
| Weight (per grain) | 0.2–0.3 grams |
| Moisture Content | 12–14% (for storage) |
| Hardness | Hard to semi-hard, depending on variety |
| Odor | Mild, grainy aroma |
| Taste | Bland to slightly sweet |
| Kernel Type | Flint, dent, sweet, or popcorn |
| Endosperm | Starchy or sugary (variety-dependent) |
| Hull | Thin and fibrous |